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A length of DNA that codes for a particular protein or, in certain cases, a functional or structural RNA molecule.

A technique used for the separation of DNA, RNA or protein molecules by using an electric current applied to a gel matrix. The gel is the medium used to contain, then separate the target molecules. Electrophoresis refers to the use of electricity to move the molecules through the gel matrix. Placing the molecules in…

Technologies through which the order of base pairs in a DNA molecule can be determined.

Breeding of plants carried out by controlled transfer of pollen from one plant to another followed by selection of progeny through multiple generations for a desireable phenotype. This method has also often included irradiation or mutaiton of plants or seeds to induce extra variation in the donor material.

The effect of non-living factors which can harm living organisms. These non-living factors include drought, extreme temperatures, pollutants, etc.

Eleanor Riches Formerly associated with the John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.

Oklahoma Law Review, Vol. 53, No. 4, Winter 2000 Drew L. Kershen - University of Oklahoma - College of Law

This 2016 ISAAA Brief is an extension of the 20 Volumes of Annual Briefs (1996 to 2015) on global status of biotech/GM crops authored by Clive James,  Founder & Emeritus Chairman of ISAAA Introduction The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications publishes the Annual Global Review…

TOP TEN FACTS about Biotech/GM Crops in their First 20 Years, 1996 to 2015 FACT # 1. 2015 marked the 20th year of the successful commercialization of biotech crops. An unprecedented cumulative hectarage of 2 billion hectares of biotech crops, equivalent to twice the total land mass of the US (937 million hectares),…

FACT # 1. 2014 was the 19th year of successful commercialization of biotech crops. Since the first plantings in 1996, an unprecedented cumulative hectarage of more than 1.8 billion hectares (more than 4 billion acres for the first time) have been successfully cultivated, equivalent to ~80% more than the total land mass…